Sign language translation from the perspective of aesthetics

Tang Yutian Tang Yanfang 2 (1. School of Foreign Languages, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, China; Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China)

Language comparison and translation. Tang Yanfang (1971-), male, associate professor of foreign language school of Zhejiang Normal University, Yongzhou, Hunan, master of literature, research direction: translation theory and practice, cross-cultural communication.

: 005 - I. Overview: The sign language defines what is meant by 'signage language'. The modern Chinese dictionary has a "signage" meaning: a sign used for signs, with text, patterns, etc. 111 (182) from which at least two points can be inferred : (1) The sign language is the text written on the special sign; (2) The use of the sign language is various. Therefore, the sign language in the broad sense should include the 'slogan'.

(slogan) and "pub" (pubKcsign), the purpose of the service is also all-encompassing, can be information or warnings, can also be used as commercial or public interest advertising. In recent years, relevant researches in China have explored the majority of slogan translations, involving or specializing in the translation of "brands", including Wu Weixiong, Yao Baorong and Gu Jianxin, etc., from the perspective of error analysis, sentence characteristics and translation principles and techniques. There have been useful explorations, but it seems to be further discussed in terms of the complete understanding of the scope of the sign language and the translation criteria. On the basis of accurately defining the category of signage language, this paper intends to compare the stylistic features of English and Chinese signs from the perspective of aesthetics, and discusses the translation principles and strategies.

Second, the syllabic aesthetic features of the sign language are pleasant qualities. The beauty of human beings can be derived from all things in nature (scenery, flora and fauna, beauty of the human body, etc.), or from artificial art (music and art works, architecture, beauty of sports and power, etc.). In this sense, language as an artificial Art itself is a unique artistic beauty. The social context and pragmatic function of the sign language determines that it has higher aesthetic requirements in terms of stylistic features than the general form of language.

First of all, the sign language is unique in form. The external tools relying on the beauty of language are nothing more than the unique methods of phonology, rhetoric and wording. The narrow space of the sign language makes the designer have to use the least vocabulary to achieve the maximum purpose; and, whether providing information or warnings or advertising purposes, the sign language must play to play its proper social pragmatic function. To be eye-catching so that the purpose of communication can be achieved within the time frame that its audience can tolerate. Therefore, the successful signs in English and Chinese are almost all exceptions to the use of the above means, that is, the use of simple and clever words, pay attention to the beauty of rhyme and rhetoric, read it, it is easy to make a deep impression. In the famous Pilanesberg National Wildlife Refuge in South Africa (PilannesbergNational them. The sign is intended to warn tourists not to feed wild animals, the structure of the two parts is basically the same, but the clever control of the verbs makes the communication effect shine: If you feed it, there is no difference! The shock and reflection that visitors bring to the visitor must be unforgettable. The ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus said that the mutually exclusive things are combined, and the different tones make the most beautiful. Harmony. "151 (P68) Hex's discussion of the beauty of the tone of the language can be said as follows: Contradiction is an important source of the beauty of language, whether it is contradictory tone or vocabulary can produce harmonious beauty, Receive unexpected results.

The various forms of traffic signs in the English-speaking countries also show the "cart and 'horse replaced by near-sound words" in the various signs. The quart (the vessel of the wine) and the hearse (the coffin) are used to warn the driver. Don't drunk driving and drunk driving, like hanging bottles in front of the coffin (that is, advising the driver: wine and life are too heavy, don't put the cart before the horse!) The beauty of the Chinese sign language is similar to that of English, mainly reflected in The words are concise, pay attention to phonology and rhetoric; if the sign language consists of two parts, the two parts of the word are generally the same, pay attention to confrontation and even rhyme. For example, a slogan during the 2003 Jinhua International Camellia Festival in Zhejiang: Camellia is the media He is a friend of the world, and Jinhua is the guest of the world. This is a common form of Chinese standard (brand). The two parts are composed of 10 Chinese characters. It is similar to the traditional Chinese couplet form. It is perfect for the whole work, and it is magnificent and better. It conveys the enthusiasm and sincerity of the organizers.

Second, the beauty of the meaning of the sign language. Aristotle said: Beauty is a kind of good, and it causes pleasure because it is good. This affirms the intrinsic link between beauty and the quality of goodness. The communicative purpose of the sign language and the various techniques and techniques used to achieve these goals are aesthetically pleasing. The latter has been discussed above, the beauty of the former (limited to the teaching of signage, because the sign language of the information itself has nothing to do with the beauty of the connotation), mainly due to the relentless pursuit of "good". This is the source of the vitality of the sign language, losing a strong sense of rejection, and ultimately only weakening or even strengthening the communication effect of the sign language from the negative. On the eve of the World Women’s Conference in Beijing on the eve of the day, the domestic media criticized some of the family planning propaganda slogans left over from the 1980s, saying that there were quite a few signs of improper branding and lack of basic respect for human rights. Murderous." I have also read such a case on the wall of an old house in a remote village: the tie is not tied, the bricks are removed, the flow is not flowing, and the pigs are being killed. "From a formal point of view, the slogan cannot be said to be no." Beauty ": The four-character sentence, rhyming, confrontation, easy to read and understand. But because the intention is not good, all its forms "beauty" are repugnant, and the communicative effect is even more difficult to talk about. Kant said: "beauty is moral Symbol of concept. It can be seen that the beauty of connotation is the foundation of the sign language. If the creative person neglects this important premise, he will pursue the beauty of form in the end, and the result will only be the South and the North, and will return without success.

Third, the aesthetic principles and strategies of sign language translation In terms of the communication paradigm within language culture, a successful sign language is often the organic unity of form beauty and content beauty in the eyes of the recipient, but this relationship is translated into another language culture. In the middle of the recipient, it may be split, often without aesthetics. The root of the problem lies in the ethnic differences in aesthetics. Many estheticians believe that beauty exists in the mentality of the spiritual subject to produce a special reaction (such as the sense of consent, etc.) 5 (4), which means that different spiritual subjects may react differently to the specific things of the outside world. People around the world will have different aesthetic experiences and aesthetic psychology due to their long-term differences in their living environment, historical traditions, and thinking patterns. The ethnic differences in aesthetics are an important factor in the difficulty of translation of signage, but they are also the key to solving the problem, because the hearts of beauty are all there, and humans still have many commonalities in the aesthetic standpoint. The only difference lies in the aesthetic appreciation angle and degree. The Gestalt Psychology School believes that the psychological mechanism of human aesthetics lies in the relationship between the external physical force and the inner world mental power in the structural style of 'homomorphism' or "heterogeneous isomorphism". When the structural style of (language or art form) corresponds to the structural pattern of psychological power, it will cause some kind of electric pulse in the human brain, which will make people feel beautiful. 6. For the translation of sign language, the key to the problem should be It is "how to transplant the beauty of the source language", that is: the source language recipient thinks it is beautiful, how to make the target language recipient think that it is beautiful, obviously, simple literal copying, except for a few special cases, it is difficult to let another The recipient of a language culture produces the same aesthetic pulse as the source language recipient. Therefore, we need translation principles and strategies in the aesthetic sense to solve the problem of English-Chinese translation of sign language.

(1) The principle of "loyalty and beauty". According to the imitation theory in classical aesthetics theory, the aesthetic judgment standard of art is closely related to the authenticity of imitation. In other words, the standard of beauty and the standard of truth are unified. This also applies to the aesthetic principles of translation. The beauty of translation must first be based on content loyalty. Without this premise, any form of beauty is meaningless. The principle of loyalty and beauty is mainly applicable to the sign language based on providing information (the sign language in this aspect is usually seen in both English and American countries), but the so-called "faithfulness" is not a word-to-word translation, and practice has proved that this is also true. Nowhere. For example, the public security bureaus in many cities in China have the signs of 'alarm center', and many places have translated them into photographs. The English translation is “Notakingphotos, which not only does not conform to English habits, but also has problems with grammar (Xi’an Qinling NoCameras at the entrance of the Terracotta Warriors and Exposition Hall 1 can be used as a model. The portal sign of a city "China's excellent tourist city XX welcomes you" has the same grammatical error: XX is still faithful, then one of the national forest parks The Forest Fire Insurance Zone will definitely make foreign tourists unintelligible.” Firepreventing means “fireproof performance (items, etc.)” in English, which means that this forest has fire protection functions like fireproof clothing. ! Another mistake of the translation is to literally turn "special grade" into "specialgrade", and the whole signage means "the best fire performance in this area!" Look at the "NoSmoking" sign on the ground, not the second monk can't figure out what to do. In fact, there are two kinds of corresponding signs in foreign countries. One is "FireDistrict. It is FirePeril. No matter which one, there is no literal concept of "defense" and "extra" in Chinese signage, but it is still eye-catching. Da Yi. Therefore, it is not an easy task to make the translation of the sign language to be faithful. In addition to being familiar with the stylistic features of the English sign language, it is more important for the translator to understand the wording of the common signage in the English-speaking countries in order to effectively avoid it. The mistake of mechanical copying.

It should be done to let the target readers understand what kind of reaction the information may have in the minds of the original readers; if the target readers respond to the translations, the readers respond exactly to the original text, which is the original text. "Peer", the most equivalent translation 17 (P118), the founder of the German functionalist translation theory, Hans. Vermeer, as a test of the pros and cons of the translation in the language of the target language The important criteria, the translation standards, further expand the idea of ​​teleology. 81. Whether it is "equivalent" or purpose-centered translation transformation, focus on the pursuit of effect (function) consistency rather than literal equivalence. In the practice of the translation of sign language, the pursuit of "faithful beauty"

Although it is an important principle, but many times we find that the communicative function of the translation is weakened to varying degrees. In other words, many translations are only "faithful", but not necessarily "beautiful". This is because the language is in the process of translation, its content. The aesthetic unity of form and form has been broken. In the target language, only the content of the source language is preserved rather than the beauty of form. As mentioned above, the principle of “loyalty and beauty” generally applies to the provision of signage in the form of indicative information, which is only a small part of the total in the scope defined by this document. For other various forms of signage, it is more feasible to use the principle of "equivalent beauty", that is, to take advantage of the form language's form, and to convey the beauty of the form as much as possible while delivering the beauty of the source language. The purpose equivalent to the original text. This "equivalent" should focus on the function of the sign language in the target language, that is, the win-win situation of both content and form beauty.

For example, many cities in China have the sign "XX is my home, clean by everyone". If you translate it literally into "XXisourhomeso each(fusshouldkeepitclean.", I believe that English readers can understand the content, but the translation is obviously lost. The beauty of form can't achieve the same function as Chinese in English cultural context. It is better to translate KeepXXti(fy,please.), but if you are bold, use English classic song name EverythirgIdoIdoitforyou translated as 'Everythingwedowedoitforabeauti-fulXX. It is even more beautiful. A city has set up a number of signs for the protection of green space. There are many signs that are novel and ingeniously worded. Two examples are tried: (1) the trees in front of the towering trees are planted, and the trees are cool and cool; (2) Give me a little love, and you are green. The wording of example (1) is quite good in aesthetics. It is a good Chinese sign language, but if you use words to face translation, the meaning of turning it out is likely to be The cool T. So, not only can not convey the beauty of the original text, and even its communicative function may be lost, with the words of Mr. Yan Fu Say, it is "although the translation is not translated. 'We provide the translation" Aseedlingtodayasheltert (-morrow "using the common rhyme technique in English, not only closely with the original function (convincing), but also in the aesthetic effect is not inferior to the original. Example (2) is not as formal as the example (1), so we apply another famous English lyric song, which is often used to reproduce the source language function. Japanese Honda Motor Company in the UK One of the advertising slogans "Home, SweetHonda is now for commercial purposes.

(3) The principle of “creating beauty”. While the traditional aesthetic imitation theory emphasizes the unity of beauty and truth, the creativity of the artist as an artist is reduced to the extreme, because the criterion for measuring whether an art has aesthetic value is to see the similarity between it and the real aesthetic object. . The description of the translator's status and relationship with the original author in the history of translation has more or less explained the same problem.

The "slave" of the 17th century English poet ohn Dryden said that the 18th century French translator Charles Batteux's "master servant" and various analogies such as "couple", "father and son", "grandfather and grandson" It is not the case that the translator is reduced to a lower subordinate position. 91 However, the actual situation is that whether it is aesthetic imitation or interlingual transformation, in the seemingly passive imitation behavior, it contains complex creativity, embodying Translator (or artist) personal experience and style. Italian esthetician Benedetto Croce pointed out that the process of translation is the process of the reproduction of the beauty of art; the translation inevitably contains the translator's style compared to the original text, because art does not mechanically imitate a stereotyped world, but It is the initiative to "express a world that is forming" 10 (221). Therefore, whether the translation can become a piece of art with independent aesthetic value, and then achieve or even exceed the original text in the overall aesthetic effect, has a close relationship with the translator's creativity.

The aesthetic orientation of the sign language in the stylistic features determines that the translator needs to inject more creativity into the translator, and requires the translator to have a keen sense of aesthetics and a strong bilingual conversion ability. According to an advertising sign language of American Tiandi Express Company, the last word in this article is easy, but the creative person is ingenious, deliberately coining a spelling form similar to the first three words, making it a humorous word game, but the beauty is oily. Health. How to solve the problem of translation, in view of the fact that many semi-finished expressions in Chinese today use English characters - (such as E-era, E-bank, etc.), we provide a translation in the same way: E-mail, E parcel, E courier, light click, E cut speed: it is late (ate), and better than the death (thelate). When translating, we can have a variety of choices. We can use a similar imitation in Chinese. It can be translated as "I can't get better than I can't live," or I can create the beauty of the original text in Chinese from different rhetorical points. For example, translated into "late is better than finished" or "late to better than finished" 112. An advertising creative, please author to translate a Siemens mobile phone advertising sign: "A journey of a thousand miles, starting with 'hand' under. "It means that you only need to lick the phone keyboard to become a big thing, this is the first idiom of the first idiom." Can not solve the problem (simply change the firststep to firsthand effect is absolutely zero) After careful consideration, we provide the following syllables It must be considered equally. The aesthetic meaning of the original text is creatively transplanted into the target language, and the predetermined function of the source language information is realized. It can be seen from the above three cases that the beauty of creation is the highest realm of sign language translation. As long as the translator's creativity is exerted, the aesthetic feeling of the recipient of a language culture from the sign language is completely acceptable to the recipient of another language culture. Fully comprehend.

IV. Conclusion With the acceleration of China's opening up to the outside world, sign language began to play a role in more and more occasions, but the quality of translation needs to be improved. This requires translators to conduct more in-depth theoretical research from multidisciplinary including aesthetics, psychology and linguistics, and explore effective ways to improve the quality of translations in order to enhance China's international image. Taking aesthetics as the starting point is a new perspective for the study of sign language translation.

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