Anatomy: bamboo carving pen carving technique

Bamboo pen holder

The bamboo pen holder is one of the bamboo carving products. It reached its full prosperity during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and many well-known engraving masters appeared. The bamboo pen holder, through the inheritance and innovation of generations, is divided into Jiading, Jinling and other factions according to the engraving style and activity area. Such as Wu Zhizhen, one of the representative figures of Jiading, he created the "thin yangyang" carving technique, which is unique and is used to emulate the later generations; and the founder of Jinling School, Qi Zhongqian's "big bang" is a carving knife. It was pushed by the literati of the later generations.

Carving technique of bamboo pen holder

The engraving expression or craft of the bamboo pen holder is based on the engraving techniques of other materials in the past, combined with the characteristics and technical requirements of its own materials, mainly summarized as: round carving, relief and line engraving.

Round sculpture. The so-called round sculpture refers to a complete three-dimensional sculpture that is suitable for multi-angle appreciation.

The round sculpture also includes a semi-circular carving, which engraves the main part that needs to be expressed, and discards the secondary part, forming half of the round carving, while the other half is hidden into the original, and some are lined with other means such as other patterns, scenes and planes. An engraving form of the bottom. In fact, whether it is round or semi-circular, they are three-dimensional, multi-angled, independent individuals. Therefore, as a pen holder, bamboo carvings are not like bamboo roots. They are mainly art works, do not have practical functions, or do not use practical functions. Therefore, the round bamboo carving pen holder in a strict sense is relatively rare or not. of. Although some individual pen patterns are only seen from a single pattern, there is a shadow of a round sculpture, but it is placed in the entire pen holder. Since it is not an independent "individual" (the pen holder itself is an independent individual), the pattern is attached to the pen holder. Therefore, we believe that the engraving of this pen holder cannot be counted as a round sculpture in a strict sense.

Embossed. Embossing refers to an engraving form in which an object is embossed on a plane. It is divided into a bas-relief and a high relief according to the thickness of the surface protrusion, and a relief (empty) relief. Some reliefs that use compression, induction, and planar processing can be divided into forms and categories such as single-level relief and multi-level relief. At the same time, the characteristics of the relief are the sculptures that are admired from one direction, and the back can be attached to the plane or the object, occupying less space, and can be combined with the round sculpture and the painting, and is suitable for the beautification of various environments. The bamboo pen holder basically adopts the engraving technique in the form of relief, and the annular inner cavity wall naturally formed is also used as a pen for dressing and writing.


As a kind of modeling language and form in engraving art, embossing has its own unique engraving method. It is a reasonable compression of the natural object on the plane, protruding on the plane, and engraving and forming by the method of shape compression. It has something in common with painting, that is, the length and width of the surface image do not change, and only the thickness of the object is compressed to the desired size. The relief can be carved in multiple levels or in a single layer. The embossed layer and the concave and convex surface formed can form different light and dark effects under the action of light.

The relief is divided into high relief and bas-relief. The difference between the two is mainly: the thick volume in the relief is high relief, and the thin volume is shallow. Although there is no clear size division between the two, the two have their own characteristics, and relatively have formed their own patterns. In addition to the thicker size, the high relief is similar to the bas-relief in the shape of the sculpture, and even some local shapes are treated by the circular sculpture. The compression ratio of the shape is small, and the shape of the object is changed on the side. Small, it is easier to engrave the character image, and the volume is strong. For example, Zhu Sansong, the founder of the Jiading School of the late Ming Dynasty, has a bamboo pen holder (Fig. 1). The pen holder has a diameter of 9.1 cm and a height of 15.2 cm. The two of the pen holders are exposed, and the shoulders are backed. One person holds a broom, one person holds a fan, and the long shirt is barefoot, leisurely and free. The characters are vivid and vivid, especially the carving of the left character. It is a typical high relief with a little round carving. Moreover, it is also partially hollowed out. Under the illumination of the light, the outline is clear and clear, the head of the character The volume of the department and other parts is very strong, and the complementarity of the virtual and real space makes the work add a bit of fun.

Another example is the Ming Dynasty "Zhulin Qixian" bamboo carving pen holder (Figure 2, Figure 3). The pen holder has a diameter of 14.8 cm and a height of 17.7 cm. It is surrounded by figures, rocks, trees and other patterns. The content is "Bamboo Forest". "Seven sages" are like the world of Taoyuan, and the wild crane-style life scenes accompanying the chess and calligraphy paintings all the time. The storyline is interlocking. On a small pen holder, the layout of the scatter frame is natural and random. The mountain and stone trees are naturally divided into five large areas, and more than 28 people are engraved. The multi-level, partially hollow carving technique is adopted, and some carved figures are hidden behind the hollow objects. The devices are gorgeous and exquisitely carved.

Compared with high relief, bas-relief is thinner and not suitable for large objects. Under the illumination of light, it does not produce deep shadows. The stereoscopic effect is not strong and the outline is not obvious. Therefore, it is more suitable for pen holders. Engraving of small items of the class. A carving technique created by Wu Zhijun, a famous bamboo carving master in the Qing Dynasty, is called “Bai Di Yang Wen”, which is a typical bas-relief.

Thin yang

The so-called "thin yang" is to slightly emboss the pattern, and scrape off a layer of skin in other places, that is, concave, the main outline of the pattern is a embossed embossed, while the detail is expressed in an intaglio, within a limited thickness. , showing some high relief to achieve the effect. Such as Wu Zhisheng's "Song Yu Dao Ren" bamboo carving pen holder (Figure 4). The pen holder is 10 cm in diameter and 17.4 cm in height. On the seemingly shallow relief, it is carved with a face that is kind, with fluttering, chest and belly, gown and ground, bare feet, calm and serene, lifelike. The image of the Taoist is not inferior to the effect of the high relief. Another example is Wu Zhijun's “Village Vertical Cows” bamboo carving pen holder (Fig. 5). The height is 15.8 cm and the diameter is 8 cm. The carving technique is delicate and dynamic, and the composition of the whole pen holder adopts the “white space” technique in painting. It makes people feel fresh, elegant, simple and simple and artistic. The two bamboo pen holders should be from the hands of Wu Zhizhi from the carving process to the carving technique. Let’s take another look at another bas-relief work. The bamboo pen holder is a bamboo pen holder (Fig. 6), which is a Qing dynasty painting with a diameter of 4.8 cm and a height of 10.6 cm. The carving technique is patterned. The contour line protrudes above the bottom plane, and the shape is clear and clear. The pattern is reversely concave. The engraving technique is excavated in the middle. It has a certain visual effect. The decoration is more concentrated, but the volume of the relief is not as good as that of Wu Zhizhen. The work also has a little painting effect.

It can be seen from the above three bas-relief bamboo carving pen holders that good bas-reliefs should be very fine and smooth, in order to meet the requirements of the craftsmanship, and the effect can be obtained. If the surface is too rough, it may weaken the volume of the object. sense. Like the "big bangs" carving knife method created by the founder of the Ming Dynasty Jinling School bamboo carving, Zhong Zhongqian is not suitable for the carving of bas-relief. Another "Three Gu Mao Mao" bamboo carving pen holder (Figure 7) hidden in the Sichuan Provincial Museum, the title of the book is "Zhong Qian", which should be made during the Jiaqing period of the Ming Dynasty. It shows the storyline of Liu Beitong with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei San Gu Cao, and the picture layout is reasonable. The characters are vividly portrayed and the carving techniques are skillful. Regardless of whether it is from the hands of Qi Zhongqian, it can be seen that the carving technique of the pen holder mainly uses multi-level high relief techniques, and in some places, hollow sculptures are also used. The other piece of "Baixian Yaochi Xianshou" bamboo carving pen holder (Fig. 8) is a Qing Dynasty work with a diameter of 12.7 cm and a height of 15.5 cm. It shows the Eight Immortals in Yaochi to give the mother a birthday, and Zhang Guo Laoqi Mao, Lu Dongbin and Zhang Guo Some of the life scenes of the old priests and other eight immortals, both high relief and bas-relief, and distinct layers, fine carving, skilled, clean and neat, although there is no title, but it is a rare good.
Line engraving. As the name implies, the line engraving is like the white drawing in Chinese painting. It is a single line of carving to represent the object.

In the engraving of the pen holder, the line engraving is mainly expressed by the Yin line. The line engraving method is simple and clear, and some combined with bas-relief carving can play a very good decorative effect. Such as bamboo carving ladies figure pen holder (Figure 9). The bamboo pen holder has a diameter of 6.7 cm and a height of 11.6 cm. The stone pattern on the pen holder is a shallow engraving technique, while the three female statues in the middle adopt a pure line engraving method. If you don't look at it carefully, it's easy to ignore it.

The line engraving form is single, and it is generally not used alone in the bamboo pen holder that is played at a close distance. In most cases, the detailed description of the embossing is used.

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